Understanding how fuel prices are set and what makes up the pump price in South Africa.

1st Wednesday
Monthly adjustment (petrol retail price)
Daily
CEF calculates petrol/diesel/paraffin price indicators
~1 Month Lag
Local prices reflect prior period averages

How Fuel Prices Are Set

The petrol retail price is regulated and adjusted every first Wednesday of the month. The calculation of petroleum product prices (petrol, diesel and illuminating paraffin) is performed daily by the Central Energy Fund (CEF) on behalf of the Department.

The monthly price change is essentially an average over a prior period applied to the future month — meaning South Africa’s fuel prices typically lag international prices by about one month.
Petrol: retail (pump) price is regulated.
Diesel: retail price is not regulated, but a wholesale list price is published.

What Makes Up the Pump Price?

The petrol pump price is composed of multiple elements that can be grouped into international and domestic components.

International element (BFP)
  • Basic Fuel Price (BFP) reflects import parity costs
  • International product prices + shipping-related import costs
  • Converted to rand using the daily US$/R exchange rate (11:00 SA time)
Domestic elements
  • Government taxes and levies
  • Allowable wholesale & retail margins
  • Transport costs (incl. magisterial district zoning)
  • Regulated charges (including operations-related items)
Simplified build-up
BFP+Taxes & Levies+Margins+Transport & Other=Pump Price

The Basic Fuel Price (BFP)

The underlying principles for determining the Basic Fuels Price (BFP) are to represent realistic, market-related import costs for a substantial portion of South Africa’s liquid fuel requirements. These prices reflect supplies sourced from overseas refining centres capable of meeting national quality and sustainability requirements.

The domestic petrol price is linked to international refined product prices (quoted in US dollars) from export-oriented refining centres in the Mediterranean, Arab Gulf, and Singapore.
International crude oil prices
Global supply and demand balances for petroleum products
The Rand/US Dollar exchange rate
Why import parity matters

The import parity (BFP) principle supports competitive efficiency between local and international refineries, helping to promote cost control and limit inflationary pressure.

Petrol reference markets
Mediterranean 50%
Singapore 50%
Diesel & paraffin reference markets
Mediterranean 50%
Arabian Gulf 50%

The Pricing System

Controlled petroleum product prices are influenced by two main constituents:

External factors
  • Dollar price of product on world markets
  • US$/R exchange rate
Internal factors
  • Taxes & levies
  • Transport costs
  • Wholesale & retail margins
  • Service costs
Movements in internal factors are subject to government control, with the aim of ensuring fair returns, encouraging investment, and maintaining stability.

International Influence on Fuel Prices

These components reflect the landed cost of bringing product to South African shores.

FOB Values

Daily product prices from export refining centres (Mediterranean, Arab Gulf, Singapore).

Freight

Transport cost from export refineries to SA ports (typically adjusted monthly).

Demurrage

Allowance for ship delays in loading/unloading at ports (limited days).

Insurance & Ocean Loss

Allowances to cover shipment risks and uninsurable losses.

Cargo Dues & Coastal Storage

Costs for harbour/terminal facilities and coastal storage services.

Stock Financing

Financing cost based on landed value, stockholding period and interest rates.

Domestic Influence on Fuel Prices

These are local rand-based components, including regulated margins and levies.

Inland Transport Costs

Road, rail, pipeline or multimodal transport from refineries to inland depots.

Wholesale & Retail Margins

Regulated margins to support fair returns for wholesalers and service stations.

Equalisation Fund & Fuel Tax

Levy mechanisms used to manage price impacts and policy objectives.

RAF & Customs

Levies supporting road accident compensation and customs/regional agreements.

Slate Levy

Balances under/over recoveries from BFP-related daily movements over time.

DMSL & Tracer Dye Levy

Demand-side management and tracer dye measures to curb illegal fuel mixing.

Petroleum Pipelines Levy

Supports regulator funding in line with national legislation.

Conclusion

The Basic Fuels Price (BFP) is a cornerstone of South Africa’s fuel pricing system, ensuring domestic prices remain aligned with international competitiveness and transparent cost recovery. Together with taxes, levies, margins and transport charges, these components support a stable and sustainable fuel pricing framework.